University students' perceptions of teaching during lockdown period in Spain: a qualitative study

Purpose: The study aims to provide relevant information on the educational processes experienced by university students in Spain during the period of compulsory confinement. To this end, the key factors of the emergency educational model implemented by the country's universities have been analysed. Design/methodology/approach: The study investigated, through qualitative, exploratory research and 30 in-depth interviews, how university students have lived the process of change to alternative forms of education during the crisis, what training experiences stand out and what factors related to virtual education they identify as relevant keys. Findings: Participants usually focus on three main topics: (1) The impacts of changes in training development with regard to methodologies and forms of assessment;(2) The facilities and difficulties in this new modality of online training;and (3) The consequences of the crisis on higher education in the medium and long term. Originality/value: Students participating in the study offer relevant and critical information on the adaptations developed by Spanish universities during the Coronavirus crisis. This information can be fundamental for the conscious decision making of the institutions, so that they can develop educational processes more adequate to the needs and possibilities of the university students in times of crisis. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

A Study on the Derivation of Essential Security Elements through Analysis of Non-face-to-face Telehealth Service Model

The number of people who cannot visit hospitals and see medical treatment is increasing due to the COVID-19 epidemic around the world. As a result, there is an increasing risk of serious danger to people's health because they are not helped by medical staff at the necessary time. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the service model related to non-face-to-face telehealth as an alternative to patients or sick people not being able to visit the hospital. We would like to identify what services occur on the non-face-to-face telehealth platform between medical staff and patients and derive security-related matters that must be considered in the non-face-to-face telehealth environment. By analyzing the derived security factors, we would like to examine how to smoothly provide security in the successful activation of non-face-to-face telehealth services. © 2023 IEEE.

Satisfaction level of Dental Hygiene Department Students according to Class Types due to COVID-19

Background/Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the class satisfaction of dental hygiene students according to the class type due to COVID-19 and to reflux it to future education. Methods/Statistical analysis: The data collected in this study were analyzed using SPSS Window Ver 25.0, and the statistical significance determination was used at a significance level of less than 0.05. For analysis related to theory and practice class type by grade, descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were conducted, and an independent sample t-test was conducted for class satisfaction by class type. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the effect of class form on class satisfaction. Findings: As a result of the study, 21 students (70.0%) in 2nd grade and 30 (38.5%) in 3rd grade were conducted in face-to-face practice (p<0.05), In the actual theoretical lecture format, 8 face-to-face lectures (26.7%) were conducted in the second grade, and 23 (29.5%) were mixed with real-time online lectures and online recorded lectures in the third grade (p<0.05). As a result of logistic regression analysis as dependent variable, the combination of face-to-face and real-time online lectures increased 43.392 times compared to real-time online lectures, and the combination of face-to-face and online recorded lectures decreased 0.030 times in theoretical lectures (p<0.05) compared to online recorded lecture. Improvements/Applications: In conclusion, in order to improve students' class satisfaction and academic achievement according to the change in class form due to Covid 19, it is necessary to develop various lecture types according to the delivery of theoretical lectures and practical lectures. For this, active development efforts of instructors and financial and administrative support of university resources will be required © 2023, Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities.All Rights Reserved.

Effects of online group art therapy on psychological distress and quality of life after family bereavement: In COVID-19 pandemic

This study examined the effects of online group art therapy on adults who lost family members using three instruments to measure depression, grief, and quality of life in a randomized controlled trial. Of the thirty-six participants who experienced the death of a family member, 20 were assigned to the experimental group participating in online group art therapy over eight sessions 1-hour once a week, and 16 were assigned to the control group with no intervention. In the experimental group, online group art therapy reduced depression and grief while improving the quality of life. The findings show the promise of online group art therapy in helping adults who have lost family members by relieving psychological distress and enhancing their quality of life. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Living Alone and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Role of Non-Face-to-Face Social Interactions.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association of living alone with changes in depressive symptom status and the moderating effect of non-face-to-face social interactions among older adults during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. DESIGN: A longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This study recruited individuals aged ≥ 65 years without long-term care in one semi-urban city in Japan, who completed mailed questionnaires in March (baseline) and October 2020 (follow-up). METHODS: Based on depressive symptoms assessed by the Two-Question Screening at baseline and follow-up, participants were classified as: "non-case," "onset," "remission," and "persistence." Non-face-to-face social interactions during the pandemic, including phone calls or emails with separated families or friends, were dichotomized as "less than weekly interactions" and "weekly interactions." A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of living arrangement (living alone or together) with changes in depressive symptoms status. RESULTS: Data of 1001 participants were analyzed (mean age = 79.9 years). Of them, 13.8% lived alone. Overall, 40.6% participants were grouped as "non-case," 11.7% as "onset," 11.0% as "remission," and 27.1% as "persistence." Living alone was significantly associated with depressive symptom onset (odds ratio: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.03-3.56; P = .039), and a negative interaction (protective effect) was found between living alone and weekly non-face-to-face social interactions for depressive symptom onset. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: During the pandemic, older adults living alone had a higher depressive symptom risk, but non-face-to-face social interactions may have buffered this risk. Our findings suggest the importance of supporting older adults living alone in times of social restrictions such as the pandemic, and furthermore, maintaining social connections, including non-face-to-face relationships, is necessary to protect their mental health.

SATISFACTION OF THE NON-PRESENTIAL TEACHING SERVICE IN HEALTH SCIENCES IN LIMA DURING COVID-19

The objective of this research work is to determine the level of satisfaction with the non-classroom teaching service of health science students in Lima during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, an observational and descriptive type of research was used, since the variables were not manipulated and the purpose was to describe the study variable. The population consisted of all students of health careers enrolled in universities in Lima during the year 2020. Obtaining a sample of 385 participants according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, it was found that most participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with 53.8%, followed by intermediate satisfaction with 38.4% and only 7.8% had a low satisfaction, concluding that the level of satisfaction of the non-classroom teaching service was mostly high in health sciences students in Lima during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

A Study on the Considerations for Establishing a Security Model for Non-face-to-face Telehealth

Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, interest in non-face-to-face telehealth is increasing worldwide, and telehealth services are being activated in various fields. In some countries, successful cases of remote surgery using non-face-to-face telehealth services are emerging one after another. Due to the absence of related standards presented to precisely handle security requirements in a non-face-to-face telehealth environment, security threats in telehealth are proceeding in a form that relies entirely on IT technology. However, the IT technology used in the medical environment is somewhat different from the existing ICT technology, so the need for a cybersecurity framework for non-face-to-face telehealth is becoming a much more important issue. This paper focuses on what needs to be considered to establish an appropriate security model in non-face-to-face telehealth. © 2022 IEEE.

The Effect of Non-face-to-face Collaboration System Quality on Business Performance

As the COVID-19 pandemic persists, companies are rapidly shifting to non-face-to-face work by expanding telecommuting and introducing platforms tailored to the non-face-to-face work environments. Therefore, this study was intended to verify the effects of non-face-to-face collaboration system quality on work efficiency and business performance. To that end, a questionnaire survey was conducted with project team members who had work experience using a non-face-to-face collaboration system, and empirical analysis was conducted through statistical analysis of the collected data. The results of the study indicated that the quality of non-face-to-face collaboration systems had positive effects on work efficiency and business performance. In addition, it was shown that work efficiency positively affects business performance. Consequently, it was identified that non-face-to-face collaboration systems play an important role in improving work efficiency and ultimately improving business performance. The foregoing suggests that in the trend of emphasizing efficient utilization of non-face-to-face collaboration systems increasing worldwide, the construction of a non-face-to-face collaboration system that reflected work efficiency first can enhance the competitiveness of firms and improve management. © 2022 IEEE.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Telemedicine Visits in a Pediatric Gastroenterology Service in the Context of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: During the first months of COVID-19, the Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition service of the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona, a leading pediatric center in Spain, introduced a new model of non-face-to-face care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of telephone consultations compared to those conducted face-to-face on healthcare utilization. METHODOLOGY: Two main indicators of effectiveness are used: the degree of resolution (percentage of first telemedicine visits that did not generate any new visits in the following 4 and 12 months) and the average number of subsequent visits. A distinction was made between visits for general pathologies (less complex) and those for pathologies treated in monographic consultations (chronic or complex pathologies). Effectiveness at 4 and 12 months was also compared. RESULTS: After 4 months from the first visit, the degree of resolution is lower in the first telemedicine visits than in face-to-face visits for both general pathologies and those of monographic agendas for chronic and complex pathologies. After twelve months, the first general telemedicine visits are less resolute than face-to-face visits, while the resolution rate is the same for chronic and complex pathology visits. Each telemedicine visit generates on average more visits than face-to-face visits. In the short term, 133.4% more in the case of general visits and 51.4% more in the case of chronic and complex visits. In the long term, general telemedicine visits generate 57.31% more visits, while no statistically significant difference is observed between chronic and complex face-to-face and telemedicine visits. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the resolution capacity of the non-face-to-face model in pediatric care in the pandemic context is generally lower and generates more successive visits than the face-to-face model. This lower performance of the telemedicine model should be counterbalanced with its advantages.

Associations of face-to-face and non-face-to-face social isolation with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: 13-year follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Although social isolation has been associated with a higher mortality risk, little is known about the potential different impacts of face-to-face and non-face-to-face isolation on mortality. We examined the prospective associations of four types of social isolation, including face-to-face isolation with co-inhabitants and non-co-inhabitants, non-face-to-face isolation, and club/organization isolation, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality separately. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 30,430 adults in Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), who were recruited during 2003-2008 and followed up till Dec 2019. RESULTS: During an average of 13.2 years of follow-up, 4933 deaths occurred during 396,466 person-years. Participants who lived alone had higher risks of all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.49) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1.61; 1.20-2.03) mortality than those who had ≥ 3 co-habitant contact after adjustment for thirteen potential confounders. Compared with those who had ≥ 1 time/month non-co-inhabitant contact, those without such contact had higher risks of all-cause (1.60; 1.20-2.00) and CVD (1.91; 1.20-2.62) mortality. The corresponding AHR (95% CI) in participants without telephone/mail contact were 1.27 (1.14-1.42) for all-cause, 1.30 (1.08-1.56) for CVD, and 1.37 (1.12-1.67) for other-cause mortality. However, no association of club/organization contact with the above mortality and no association of all four types of isolation with cancer mortality were found. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study, face-to-face and non-face-to-face isolation were both positively associated with all-cause, CVD-, and other-cause (but not cancer) mortality. Our finding suggests a need to promote non-face-to-face contact among middle-aged and older adults.

Identification of Factors Necessary for Enabling Technology-Based Dietary Record Surveys: A Qualitative Focus Group Interview with Japanese Dietitians.

Weighed food records together with an in-person interview approach constitute the most basic methods used to estimate energy and nutrient intakes in dietary surveys. In the background of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, the need for non-face-to-face dietary surveys using information and communication technology (ICT) is increasing. We aimed to evaluate ICT-based dietary record surveys and identify factors that may enable this survey method to become more widely used in the future. We conducted a non-face-to-face survey of dietary records of 44 Japanese individuals, maintained by dietitians using dietary photography and video conferencing services. We conducted a focus group interview with the six dietitians who conducted that survey. Their opinions on the factors necessary to popularize ICT-based dietary survey method were analyzed. In the focus group interview, dietitians highlighted fewer restrictions on time and place as positive aspects. Negative aspects included insufficient skills to operate computers, difficulty in hearing, and understanding facial expressions using ICT. We identified three main factors for enabling widespread use of ICT-based dietary record survey: individual skill, device and technology, and social environmental factors. This suggests that a comprehensive approach is necessary for popularizing the use of ICT in dietary surveys.

Impact of Non-Face-to-Face Teaching with Passive Training on Personal Protective Equipment Use in Health Science Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: In the COVID-19 era, there was a call for the transformation of higher education. Universities had to combine non-face-to-face teaching with traditional procedures. This study analyzed the effectiveness and perceived satisfaction in a cohort of health sciences students of non-face-to-face teaching with passive training versus face-to-face teaching with active training in the proper donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) in a clinical simulation scenario. METHODS: A total of 142 participants were randomized into two groups: (a) non-face-to-face teaching with passive training; (b) face-to-face teaching with active training. The proper protocol for donning and doffing PPE was assessed. Students evaluated their skills before and after training and satisfaction with training received. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed for the statements "I felt more confident in donning after receiving this training" (p = 0.029) and "I felt more confident in doffing after receiving this training" (p = 0.042) in the face-to-face teaching with active training group compared to the non-face-to-face teaching with passive training group, whose number of tasks violated was significantly higher (p = 0.020). Satisfaction was significantly higher in the face-to-face and active training group (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Face-to-face teaching with active training improves effectiveness and satisfaction more than non-face-to-face teaching with passive training for acquiring skills in donning and doffing PPE properly.

Needs Analysis for Non-Face-to-Face Services among Older Adults to Reduce Loneliness.

BACKGROUND: Considering older adults' interests and physical abilities, non-face-to-face services precipitated positive acceptance and reduced loneliness. Developing non-face-to-face services designed after investigating older adults' needs is necessary. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the need for non-face-to-face services to reduce loneliness among older adults in the community? METHODS: A questionnaire was developed through a content validity evaluation of a group of experts based on a prior systematic review. The survey was administered to 100 community-dwelling older adults between 15 July and 31 August 2021. The need for non-face-to-face services for older adults was analyzed. RESULTS: This study found that non-face-to-face services precipitate positive perceptions and satisfy the needs of older adults in the community. Additionally, the older adults preferred integrated content from non-face-to-face services. Through the analysis of preference differences according to the general characteristics, this study shows the possibility of inducing participation by developing content that attracts older adults' attention. CONCLUSION: This study is expected to provide basic data for content development of non-face-to-face services to reduce loneliness among older adults in the community by investigating their needs.

Early childhood education in the time of SARS-CoV-2: the (re)organization of teaching activities

The article stems from an international scientific cooperation agreement between an Italian public university and a Brazilian federal university to identify and analyze the pedagogical elements that constitute the actions of Brazilian early childhood education teachers in the implementation of non-presential teaching (or remote) in early childhood education institutions, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pedagogical elements investigated were educational objectives and intentions, resources, time, and strategies. An electronic survey tool was designed to survey early childhood teachers, containing 44 open and closed questions. Among the 97 respondents, most professionals did not have technical training for the pedagogical use of communication tools or social media, emphasizing the use of WhatsApp® and Facebook®. Such tools were assumed as the primary resources for contact with families and children and to achieve the main intentions: keeping alive the memory of the school routine and the affective relationships with the teachers. Given the pandemic and suspension of face-to-face service in early childhood education, pedagogical practices were redesigned concerning the pedagogical organization, including adapting materials. © 2022. Educacao e Pesquisa. All Rights Reserved.

Materiales Didácticos Multimedia Para La Educación No Presencial

El sistema de educación, como consecuencia de la Covid-19, se enfrenta a una etapa en la que se han tenido que rediseñar currículos a partir de las posibilidades reales de cada territorio. Los cambios en el proceso de formación de profesionales han sido profundos y la forma de organización docente que prevalece en la actualidad (no presencial – a distancia), rompe por completo con la tradicional educación presencial. Estos cambios están inevitablemente vinculados a la utilización efectiva de las TIC y al papel de los materiales didácticos en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje que se convierten en los portadores básicos de los conocimientos que el estudiante debe adquirir. En este estudio se hace referencia a algunos elementos esenciales sobre los materiales didácticos multimedia, así como a particularidades de diferentes componentes multimedia y recomendaciones a tener en cuenta para su adecuado uso en la educación no presencial.Alternate : Como consecuencia de la Covid-19 el sistema de educación se enfrenta a una etapa en la que se han tenido que rediseñar currículos a partir de las posibilidades reales de cada territorio. Los cambios en el proceso de formación de profesionales han sido profundos y la forma de organización docente que prevalece en la actualidad (no presencial – a distancia), rompe por completo con la tradicional educación presencial. Estos cambios están inevitablemente vinculados a la utilización efectiva de las TIC y al papel de los materiales didácticos en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje que se convierten en los portadores básicos de los conocimientos que el estudiante debe adquirir. En este estudio se hace referencia a algunos elementos esenciales sobre los materiales didácticos multimedia, así como a particularidades de diferentes componentes multimedia y recomendaciones a tener en cuenta para su adecuado uso en la educación no presencial.

Impacts of COVID-19 and Social Measure on Behavioral Intention in the context of Online Learning Software

Since the COVID-19 outbreaks, countries around the world have implemented social measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. To inhibit infection, governments are conducting social distancing, wearing a mask, and vaccination. In the field of education, non-face-to-face lectures are being carried out. With these backgrounds, the importance of online lectures has increased. The purpose of this study is to understand the behavioral intention of university students in the context of online learning software. Data were collected from 318 Vietnamese university students taking classes through online education software. We analyzed the sample by using the partial least squares (PLS) technique. The results indicated that attitude has a significant effect on behavioral intention. The findings showed that subjective norms do not affect attitude. The research results revealed that perceived behavioral control, regulatory environment, and affective risk perception are significantly related to attitude. The results of this study will provide meaningful guidelines for implementing effective education within COVID-19 in the future. © 2021 IEEE.

Effect of Game-based Learning using Live Streaming on Learners' Interest, Immersion, Satisfaction, and Instructors' Perception

Many people have preconceived notions about games and distrust the effects of game-based learning and show negative attitudes. In fact, there are limitations and disadvantages of game-based learning, and it is difficult to overcome them. More than half of the inconveniences or problems of teachers who want to try game-based learning revealed by the 2009 survey have not been solved yet. Due to the sudden spread of COVID-19, the Ministry of Education has issued a policy to convert classes at schools and academies into non-face-to-face. Non-face-to-face classes have the characteristics that instructors and learners will be spatially separated, spatially simultaneous, interactive, and teaching and learning behavior will be mediated by the screen. And these features are common to live streaming. Taking advantage of this, this study aims to approach improving the perception of game-based learning as an advantage of "watching games" beyond "playing games" by using live streaming for game-based learning. This study conducted game-based learning and game streaming learning for 210 third-year middle school students, compared the effects of game-based learning on learning interest, immersion, and satisfaction with the results of previous studies to verify the design and prove the combined effect of live streaming and game-based learning. In addition, in-depth interviews with instructors who conducted game-based learning confirmed that awareness of the introduction, value, and finance of game-based learning improved.

Effect of COVID-19 on Internet Usage of People with Disabilities: A Secondary Data Analysis.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led our society to lead a life different than before. People, including those with disabilities, have come to rely on information from the Internet. However, there is a lack of empirical studies on the impact of the pandemic on the Internet usage of people with disabilities. To address this gap, this study analyzed data from the 2020 Digital Divide Survey, which comprised data on 7000 non-disabled people and 2200 people with disabilities. This was used to compare the changes in usage of Internet services, and awareness and experience of COVID-19-related non-face-to-face services among non-disabled people and people with physical disabilities, brain lesions, visual impairments, hearing impairments, and language impairments. People with and without disabilities reported increased internet usage, but the increase was significantly higher in the non-disabled population than in people with disabilities (p < 0.05), except for people with language impairments. Specific changes to service usage, experience, and usefulness were different according to the type of disability. The non-disabled population showed a significantly greater increase in the use of social participation services than people with physical disabilities (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that digital services need to be developed flexibly to address the unique needs of people with different types of disabilities.

The problem of non-face-to-face teaching of design

This essay intends to provoke reflection on the pedagogical dimensions of design, moved by non-face-to-face teaching, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation has fully reached design teachers, a discipline taught to date mostly in face-to-face format. The flexible adaptation of teachers in aspects such as methodologies, skills and learning outcomes, affective and cognitive, interaction and evaluation in virtual format, in relation with the face-to-face teaching, is subject of reflection. © 2022 Prague University of Economics and Business. All Rights Reserved.

Influence of "Face-to-Face Contact" and "Non-Face-to-Face Contact" on the Subsequent Decline in Self-Rated Health and Mental Health Status of Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Japanese Adults: A Two-Year Prospective Study.

This study aims to identify the independent influence of face-to-face contact (FFC) and non-face-to-face contact (NFFC) on the subsequent decline in self-rated health and mental health status by age. A total of 12,000 participants were randomly selected among residents in the study area, and 1751 of them responded to both the 2016 and 2018 mail surveys. The participants were subsequently classified into three age groups (25-49: Young adults; 50-64: Mid-aged adults; and 65-84: Older adults). Social contact was assessed by computing the frequencies of FFC and NFFC. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the risk of social contact on the decline in self-rated health and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. Both FFC and NFFC were significantly associated with maintaining mental health; however, the impacts of FFC on mental health were more significant than that of NFFC among older adults and young adults. Compared with the no contact group, FFC was significantly associated with maintaining self-rated health in mid-aged adults. The influence of FFC and NFFC on health differed by age group.